Biological research has long depended on a number of model organisms that are amenable to laboratory research and suitable for the study of a range of biological problems. It is only a slight exaggeration to say that the basic functioning of the cell was mostly cleared from experiments with a few unicellular organisms, mainly that of E. coli and yeast, our understanding of animal development being based mainly on the genetics of the fruit fly and worm, and the manipulation of frog and mouse, and most of what we have learned about molecular biology and plant development came from Arabidopsis and only the examination of some other species.
But the variety of organisms studied is currently in a massive expansion as a result of the reduction in time and cost of OMIC studies allowing to expand the knowledge in molecular evolutionary and biological aspects. Emerging studies from these model organisms participate, among others, in the understanding of human diseases.
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