2023_24
Educational guide 
School of Engineering
A A A 
english 
Bachelor's Degree in Electronic and Automation Engineering (2010)
 Subjects
  PHYSICS II
   Contents
Topic Sub-topic
1. ELECTRIC FIELD
 1. COULOMB's LAW AND ELECTRIC FIELD.
Electric force between two point charges. Coulomb's law. Field concept. Electric field (E) generated by a distribution of 'n' point charges. The electric dipole. Electric field lines and properties.

2. POTENTIAL ENERGY AND ELECTRIC POTENTIAL.
Concept of energy variation and electric potential between two points. Conservativity of the Electric Field. Origin of potential. Electric potential of a point (V). Relationship between the field and the electric potential. Equipotential surfaces and their relationship with field lines. Calculation of the electric potential for a distribution of 'n' point charges

3. FIELD AND POTENTIAL PRODUCED BY CONTINUOUS CHARGE DISTRUBUTIONS
Concept of electric charge density (volumetric, superficial and linear). Electric field and potential generated by a continuous charge distribution applying Coulomb's law. Calculation examples: field and potential generated by a charged ring on points of its axis; field and potential generated by a finite and infinite rectilinear wire; field and potential generated by a disc charged on points of its axis. Field and potential generated by a charged infinite plane.

4. GAUSS' THEOREM OF ELECTROSTATICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS.
Concept of electric field flux and relation to field lines. Statement of Gauss' theorem. Calculation of electric fields of continuous charge distributions with planar, spherical and cylindrical symmetry using Gauss's theorem. Equivalence of Gauss' Theorem and Conservativity of the Electric field with Coulomb's law. Calculation of electric potentials for certain symmetrical charge distributions by integration of the electric field from a reference.

5. ELECTRIC CONDUCTORS.
Concept of electric conductor and current carriers. Electric fields and field lines in a conductor. Potentials and equipotential surfaces in a conductor.

6. THE FLAT CAPACITOR.
Idea of capacitor and concept of capacity of a capacitor. Dielectric materials in a capacitor. Polarization FIeld. Concept of dielectric permittivity. Association of series and parallel capacitors. Electrostatic energy stored in a capacitor.
2. ELECTRIC CURRENT
 1. CONCEPT OF ELECTRIC CURRENT
Nature of electric current as a flow of charges in orderly motion. Concept of electric current density and electric current intensity. Thermal movement of carriers and drift velocity. Calculation of drag current density from drift velocity. Electric field as the cause of drift velocity. Concept of current carrier mobility. Local Ohm's Law and limits. Global Ohm's Law and concept of electrical resistance.

2. ENERGETIC ASPECTS OF ELECTIRC CURRENT
Losses of potential energy along a current. Resistor concept. Concept of potential or voltage along a current. Electric power concept. Joule effect. Electric voltage and current generators. Establishment of closed circuits of a single mesh with resistors and voltage generators. Potential balance and power balance in a mesh circuit. Establishment of electrical nodes with resistors and current generators. Current and power balance in a node.

3. ASSOTIATION OF RESISTORS
Serial assotiation of resistors. Parallel assotiation of resistors.

4. PERIODICALLY VARIABLE SIGNALS: SINUSIOIDAL, TRINAGULAR, SQUARE.
Concetp of the associated magnitudes to these signals: peak voltage, period, frequency, phase, etc.

5. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TENSION AND CURRENT IN A CAPACITOR IN THE VARIABLE WITH TIME REGIME.
3. CAMP MAGNÈTIC ESTÀTIC 1. INTRODUCTION TO THE CONCEPT OF MAGNETIC FIELD AND FORCE
Magnetic field as field generated by chargesin motion or by currents. Magnetic field as field that has an action on charges in motion and on currents.

2. ACTION OF A MAGNETIC FIELD
Force of a magnetic field on a moving charge. Force of a magnetic field on a current element. Force and moment of forces of a magnetic field on a loop and concept of magnetic moment. Basic operation of an electric motor.

3. SOURCES OF MAGNETIC FIELD
Magnetic field generated by a moving charge. Magnetic field generated by a current element. Law of Biot and Savart.

4. CALCULATION OF MAGNETIC FIELD GENERATED BY DETERMINED CURRENT DISTRIBUTIONS

CALCULS DE CAMPS MAGNETICS GENERATS PER CERTES DISTRIBUCIONS DE CORRENT.
Field produced by a finite and infinite rectilinear wire. Field produced by a circular loop and relation to the magnetic moment. Magnetic field lines and properties. Field lines of a magnetic dipole. Magnetic force between two straight wires and definition of the Ampère unit. The fact that the magnetic field lines B are closed.

5. MAGNETISM AMPÊRE's LAW.
Concept of magnetic field circulation. Statement of Ampère's Law. Calculation of the magnetic field generated by certain current distributions using Ampère's Law. Equivalence between Ampère's Law and the Law of closed B lines with the Law of Biot and Savart. Approach to the calculation of the magnetic field generated by a coil.

6. MAGNETISM IN MATERIALS
Phenomena of magnetization of a material. Magnetic dipole moments. Concepts of magnetic excitation field (H), magnetic flux density (B) and magnetization field (M). Concepts of permeability and magnetic susceptibility. Types of magnetic materials. Magnetic cores in coils. Hysteresis and magnetic saturation phenomena. Losses in a coil.
4. ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION PHENOMENA 1. ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION PHENOMENA AND FARADAY-LENZ's LAW.
Phenomena of electromagnetic induction. Concept of magnetic flux and associated units. Faraday-Lenz law. Induced electromotive force and its sign. Basic ways to vary the flow. Examples of flow variation due to variation of the circuit area.


2. INDUCTION IN COILS.
Approximate calculation of the flux through a coil from the current. Concept of mutual induction between coils and associated units. Self-induction of a coil. Basic concepts of transformers. The alternator, basic operation.

3. GLOBAL FORMULATION OF ELECTROMAGNETISM: MAXWELL's EQUATIONS AND ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES.
Reminder of the equations of electricity and magnetism (in integral form) that have been given throughout the course. Equivalent statement of Maxwell's 4 equations in differential form. Statement of a solution of Maxwell's equations in the form of electromagnetic waves. Direction of propagation of a ray and calculation of the velocity of propagation in any medium. Concept of frequency and index of refraction. The electromagnetic spectrum and utility of each band.
5. BASIC PHENOMENA OF GEOMETRIC OPTICS.
(this subject is only studied in laboratory practices) 		1. REFLECTION AND REFRACTION OF A LIGHT RAY.
Reflection and refraction of light. Snell's law. Total reflection.