Guia docent 2014_15 Facultat de Lletres

Grau d'Anglès (2009)

Continguts

Tema	Subtema
UNIT 1. Letters, sounds and English	1.1 Discrepancy between phonology and orthography
UNIT 2. Speech sounds and linguistic units	2.1 Basic notions in phonetics and phonology ····· study of the linguistic characteristics of sounds ····· phonological differences vs. phonetic differences ····· phonological units as discrete units ····· the notion of contrast; the expression of meaning ····· how to identify a phoneme ····· the phoneme as a minimal unit of contrast ····· the use of minimal pairs ····· phonemes across languages ····· allophones ····· neutralization of phonemes ····· why do we need to know the sound system of a language?
UNIT 3. The speech chain	3.1 Introduction to the speech act ····· psychological, physiological and physical media 3.2 The speech chain ····· 3.2.1 production ·············· 3.2.1.1 initiation process ·············· 3.2.1.2 phonation process; the larynx ·························· anatomy ·························· cartilages: crycoid, thyroid and arytenoids ·························· the vocal folds ·························· glottis ·························· physiology ·························· different glottal configurations ·························· voiced and voiceless sounds ·············· 3.2.1.3 oro-nasal process ·························· the velum ·························· oral and nasal sounds ·············· 3.2.1.4 articulation process ·························· active and passive articulators ·························· main parameters ·························· horizontal dimension ·························· vertical dimension ·························· laterality ·························· temporal issues ·························· coarticulation and coordination ····· 3.2.2 transmission ·············· speech as soundwaves ·············· sources and resonators ·············· fundamental frequency ·············· amplitude ·············· spectrum ·············· duration ····· 3.2.3 perception ·············· physiology ·············· the perception organs ·············· psychophysics ·············· pitch ·············· loudness ·············· quality ·············· length
UNIT 4. Transcription and the International Phonetic Alphabet	4.1 Principles of transcription: broad, narrow ····· 4.1.1 Symbols and diacritics ····· 4.1.2 The International Phonetic Alphabet 4.2 Parameters for consonants ····· voicing ····· nasality ····· manner of articulation ····· place of articulation ····· laterality ····· temporal aspects ····· multiple articulations
UNIT 5. Parameters for vowels	5.1 Parameters for vowels ····· front–back ····· low–high ····· round–unround ····· long–short ····· steady state–diphthong ····· oral–nasal ····· stressed–unstressed ····· r-coloredness ····· cardinal vowels
UNIT 6. Front vowels	6.1 American English front vowels ····· phonological description ····· alternative transcriptions ····· spellings ····· distribution ····· allophonic and dialectal variations ····· length differences
UNIT 7. Back vowels	7.1 American English back vowels ····· phonological description ····· alternative transcriptions ····· spellings ····· distribution ····· allophonic and dialectal variations ····· length differences
UNIT 8. Central vowels and diphthongs	8.1 American English central vowels and diphthongs ····· phonological description ····· alternative transcriptions ····· spellings ····· distribution ····· allophonic and dialectal variations ····· length differences
UNIT 9. The phonetic nature of stress	9.1 Preliminary considerations in the analysis of English stress ····· what is stress? ····· how can we usually tell where a word is stressed? ····· how can we tell the difference in stress between syllables? ····· stress as an issue of relative prominence 9.2 Levels of stress: primary and secondary ····· differences in degree/level of prominence 9.3 Phonetic nature of stress ····· 9.3.1 physiological, acoustic and perceptual issues ·············· effort, amplitude, loudness ·············· vocal fold vibration, F0, pitch ·············· time, duration, length ·············· vocal tract shape, spectrum, quality
UNIT 10. Stress and vowel reduction	10.1 Alternations between full vowels and reduced vowels ······· vowels that can only appear in stressed syllables ······· vowels that can only appear in unstressed syllables ······· vowels that can appear in both stressed and unstressed syllables ······· relationship between reduced vowels and orthography 10.2 Strong and weak forms
UNIT 11. Word stress	11.1 Distinctiveness in English stress ······· stress is both a phonetic and a phonological issue ······· distinctive stress (only difference in minimal pairs) is limited in English ······· compare to Spanish and Catalan ······· relevance of vowel reduction in unstressed syllables 11.2 Markedness and left-headedness ······· 11.2.1 word stress: two main patterns ·················· 11.2.1.1 final stress ································ very limited class of nouns with final stress (marked) ································ open class of verbs (unmarked) ·················· 11.2.1.2 non-final stress ································ open class of nouns (unmarked) ································ limited class of verbs, mostly derived from nouns (marked)
UNIT 12. Complex word stress	12.1 The relevance of morphosyntactic information in stress assignment in English ······· 12.1.1 word-class distinctions ·················· verb/noun pairs ·················· secondary stress in most nouns but not verbs 12.2 Complex word stress ······· 12.2.1 stems and affixes ·················· 12.2.1.1 inflectional suffixes ································ do not change word-class ·················· 12.2.1.2 derivational suffixes ································ change word class ·················· 12.2.1.3 stress-neutral suffixes ································ no difference from the stress pattern of the base ································ suffixes are always unstressed ·················· 12.2.1.4 stress-shifting suffixes ································ different stress patterns from base ································ suffix can bear main stress ································ behave almost like separate bases 12.3 Stress in compound nouns and verbs ······· what is a compound? ······· stress pattern of compounds

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