Educational guide 2023_24 School of Chemical Engineering

Contents

Topic	Sub-topic
1. Introduction	Cooling applications and methods. Diagram of properties of pure substances. Energy balance in open systems. The second principle of thermodynamics and the Carnot cycle.
2. Refrigerants	Primary and secondary refrigerants. Nomenclature and classification. Mixtures of refrigerants. Effects of refrigerants on the environment: climate change and impact on the ozone layer.
3. Mechanical vapor compression refrigeration cycle	Main elements Principle of operation. The P-h diagram. Single stage and ideal vapour compression cycle. Real vapour compression cycle. Volumetric behaviour. Multi-stage vapour compression cycles.
4. Compressors	Function and classification. Alternative compressors. Rotary volumetric compressors. Centrifugal compressors. Capacity control.
5. Condensers	Air condensers. Water condensers. Evaporative condensers.
6. Evaporators	Dry and flooded evaporators. Direct and indirect expansion evaporators. Control of ice formation.
7. Expansion devices	Function. Capillary tubes. Thermostatic valves. Electronic valves.
8. Psychrometry	Moist air as an ideal gas. Variables of humid air. Psychrometric diagram. Typical processes in air conditioning.